The history of present day Africa states could be traced to colonial rule, courtesy of the Berlin conference of 1885, which divided African territories into areas of influence of European powers. The actual rule was brief or long, depending on the policy of the colonial powers. At the end of the colonial rule, independence was granted as a result of mutual settlement or prolonged war of independence.
At independence, African states establish their government based on liberal democratic principles with a flourishing multi-party system. Within four years, multi-party system collapsed, giving way to one party rule or military authoritarianism. This system of government continued to dominate the African political landscape until the end of the 1980’s.
From the Northern Horn to the southern cape: and from the Tropical Savannah of the west to Equatorial Region of the East, the entire continent was caught in a wave of democratization. Indeed, democracy became the only game in town. One of the essentials features of democratization process is election.
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